Pennsylvania

Total Cost

$

Lifetime economic burden of childhood lead exposure in Pennsylvania.

Calculated for the 2019 birth cohort. Includes costs of reduced lifetime productivity; increased health care, education, and social assistance spending; and premature mortality.

Number of Children Exposed

15,274

Blood levels >2 μg/dL

Children in the 2019 birth cohort predicted to have blood lead levels >2ug/dL. This is 11% of all births in Pennsylvania.

Number of Kindergarten Classrooms Exposed

741

Blood levels >2 μg/dL

Number of Estimated Kindergarten Classrooms of Children predicted to have blood lead levels >2μg/dL, based on average classroom size.

Cost Breakdown

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Map of Current Exposure Risks

Lead exposure risks for children born in 2019, shown as the estimated percent of children who will have blood lead levels above 2 ug/dL for each county in the State of Pennsylvania. Darker shades indicate greater risks of lead exposure for children.

Select an intervention from the dropdown menu below:

Overview: Lead Service Line Replacement

This page estimates the economic costs and benefits of full lead service line (LSL) replacement for the homes of children born in 2019 in Pennsylvania. Full LSL replacement, described in detail here, includes the removal of both the homeowner and utility-owned portions of lead service lines.

The figures below show the estimates for an intervention that replaces all the lead service lines for homes of children born in 2019. The intervention’s size, costs, and impacts can be customized using the sliders on the right and then clicking Recalculate.

Cost Benefit Analysis for Lead Service Line (LSL) Replacement

for the Pennsylvania 2019 Birth Cohort

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Overview: Lead Hazard Control

This page estimates the costs and benefits of lead hazard control (LHC) to eliminate lead-based paint hazards for the homes of children born in 2019 in Pennsylvania. Lead hazard control, described in detail here, includes treating paint, dust, and soil, as well as replacing old windows where necessary.

The figures below show the estimates for an intervention that removes lead-based paint hazards from homes of children born in 2019. The intervention’s size, costs, and impacts can be customized using the sliders on the right and then clicking Recalculate.

Cost Benefit Analysis for Lead Hazard Control (LHC)

for the Pennsylvania 2019 Birth Cohort

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*Sliders begin at preset positions based on the best available data at the time of analysis for costs, lead levels, and the number of replacements/interventions required. These cost and lead presets assume proactive lead removal policies, targeting all homes before a child’s EBLL is seen—as a result, costs and lead levels may be lower than current lead removal activities which respond to only existing exposures. These presets are estimated using state and city level data, but can be adjusted with newer data using the Recalculate feature.

Overview: Enforcement of Renovation, Repair, and Painting Standards

This page estimates the costs and benefits of enforcing EPA’s renovation, repair and painting (RRP) standards requiring lead-safe work practices, described in detail here. The costs and benefits are estimated for children born in 2019 in Pennsylvania.

The figures below show the cost estimates of enforcing RRP standards for all renovations and the benefits for the 2019 birth cohort of reduced lead exposure. The enforcement scope, costs, and impacts can be customized using the sliders on the right and then clicking Recalculate.

Cost Benefit Analysis for Renovation, Repair, and Painting Standards (RRP) Enforcement

for the Pennsylvania 2019 Birth Cohort

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